Right
A. Definition
Right is something that is owed to you by the duty - bearer.Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.
B. Legal Right
1. Privilege / liberty - right = no obligation not to do it.
2. Claim - right = we owe this to other people (e.g not hurting others)
3. Legal powers = the ability to empower (e.g right to vote)
4. Immunities = the right not to be subjected to a practice (e.g diplomatic immunity)
C. Moral Right
1. Right that only exist as "moral claims" meaning they only tell us what should be.
2. They may be real if they a law is created in the spirit.
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D. Positive Right
1. The right of non - interference : you have the right not to be stopped by anybody else in the pursuit of your claim
2. Example : the right to an adequate standard of living - nobody has the right to stop you by way of harming or obstruction.
E. Negative right
1. The right of provision : you have the right to be provided with the means to pursue your claim.
2. Example : The right to adequate standard of living - the government should provide welfare.
Human Right
1. Right that exist by virtue of being human.
2. Equal : all humans enjoy the same right.
3. Inalienable : human rights never ceases to exist.
4. Universal : human rights applies to all humans.
A. What are your human right?
1. All human beings are born free and equal
2. Right to life, liberty and security
3. Not subjected to torture or cruel treatment
4. Right to education
5. And many more
B. Why should we care about rights?
1. Rights are an essential pillar of society
a. They are "terms" of the social contract that both people and government have agreed.
b. Rights basically express and protect your liberty.
2. The right to have right (Citizenship)
a. Right to fair trial
b. Right to non - discrimination
c. Right to be free from cruel treatment
d. Right to adequate standard of living
C. Distribution of Right
How we think about rights often influences policy?
1. The right to disconnect
Should bosses be punished for violating the worker's right to not reply to emails after work hours?
What happens when rights collide?
2. Abortion : a right or outright murder?
a. Pro - Life
Babies have a right to life and therefore, we have an obligation to keep it alive.
b. Pro - Choice
The foetus is still part of the woman's body, and thus, it is the mother's choice that should be prioritized.
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