What is power?
Power is the ability to act, control, and affect a condition.
1. Politic is essentially the study of power
2. Power, however it an abstract concept. But, we tend to just know what it is.
Power is relational and never static
1. Power works between two or more people.
example : power works between father and member of a family. The power of father works to his wife (mother ) and children (more people)
2. One person is always less powerful than the other.
example : The boss is more power than employer
3. The difference doesn't always have to be physical.
Power is not always about war or fight but also how to affect something to happen.
Steven Luke's 3 dimensions of power
1. Power over an issue
Power is the ability to make someone else do something they would otherwise not want to.
Real example: People do not want to pay tax. In fact, it is their obligation to do, so they must pay taxes.
2. Power of an agenda
A person has power if they can set the agenda. By doing this, they can set boundaries of discussion. Thus limiting the power of others to shape the agenda. (Bachrach and Baratz, 1962)
Real example: The OSIS leader state that today's agenda is about the Class meet event. You as a member do not have the power to change the agenda.
3. Manipulation/ deception
.....is not the supreme exercise of power to get another or others to have the desires you want them to have - that is to secure their compliance by controlling their thoughts and desires? (Lukes 2005)
Real example: Advertisement or something that you can not detect where the manipulation comes from.
Where does the power come from?
1. Strength
2. Wealth (money)
3. Number (more people, more power)
4. State action (rule/laws)
5. Norms (standard of behaviour)
6. Ideas
How is power distributed?
The answer can be found in the form of government
1. Different governments have a different distribution of power.
Authoritarian: leader and government
Democracy: People
2. Some are balanced, some are imbalanced.
In the case of democracy country, power between people and government is the same unlikely authoritarian form power is most distributed by the leader.
Dropdown model
Often observed in authoritarian states, such as North Korea, Iran, China, and the former Soviet Union.
Button up model
Democratic states such as Sweden, Finland, United States, Japan and Indonesia.
Question
1. Should rich people have more power?
a. Yes
b. No
2. Should smart people have more power?
a. Yes
b. No
3. Should men have more power?
a. Yes
b. No
4. Should whites have more power?
a. Yes
b. No
5. Should stronger people have more power?
a. Yes
b. No
If you answer mostly A, then you are elitist. You believe that only people with proper capabilities should be trusted
If your answer mostly B, then you are Egalitarian. You believe that power should be equally distributed among everyone in the system.
Which distribution is correct? Nope, but which one is work
The distribution of power is a fundamental issue in any political philosophy.
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Power should be used legitimately
It is generally agreed that power should be used in a just and legitimate manner. What does it mean to be "just" and "legitimate"?
In democracy country, protest or demo is a legitimate manner sue to the government. such as the West Papua protest and Hong Kong protest (2019)
Legitimately come from?
1. Tradition
2. Habit
3. History
4. Religion
5. Ethnicity
6. Results
7. Legislation
8. International recognition
The source of legitimacy is also a fundamental feature of any political philosophy.
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